Épigénétique et mémoire cellulaire - Edith Heard

Edith HeardCollège de FranceEpigénétique et mémoire cellulaireAnnée 2024-2025Conférence - Stephen Quake : Medical Innovations from the Genome Revolution: Liquid BiopsiesStephen QuakeHead of Science at the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative and Lee Otterson Professor at Stanford UniversityStephen Quake est invité par l'assemblée du Collège de France sur proposition de la Pr Edith Heard.RésuméOne of the most important medical innovations to arise from the genome revolution is the development of liquid biopsies: simple blood tests which replace the need for invasive sampling in fields as diverse as pregnancy, transplant medicine, infectious disease, and cancer. Virtually all of these liquid biopsies are based on a physiological phenomenon discovered in Strasbourg in 1948: circulating cell free nucleic acids. Despite more than a half century of research, this phenomenon did not have a clinical use until it was paired with high throughput sequencing and knowledge of the human genome sequence. I will describe how our lab developed a variety of diagnostic tests which have replaced invasive biopsies and are now used by millions of patients each year.Stephen QuakeStephen Quake is Head of Science at the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, where he oversees CZI's science grant programs, technology development, and the CZ Biohub Network. He has received numerous awards for his contributions to science and is one of only two dozen scientists elected to all three National Academies. Steve also holds a faculty position at Stanford University, where he is the Lee Otterson Professor of Bioengineering and Applied Physics. Previously he was the founding co-president of the Chan Zuckerberg Biohub (2016-2022), investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (2006-2016), and professor at the California Institute of Technology (1996-2005).

Edith HeardCollège de FranceEpigénétique et mémoire cellulaireAnnée 2024-2025Conférence - Stephen Quake : Understanding the Mysteries of the Cell: Our Immune Repertoire Viewed Through the Darwin's EyesStephen QuakeHead of Science at the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative and Lee Otterson Professor at Stanford UniversityStephen Quake est invité par l'assemblée du Collège de France sur proposition de la Pr Edith Heard.RésuméThe nature of the immune system's antibody repertoire has been a subject of fascination for more than a century. This repertoire is highly plastic and can be directed to create antibodies with broad chemical diversity and high selectivity. There is now a good understanding of the potential diversity available and the mechanistic aspects of how this diversity is generated. Antibodies are formed by a mixture of recombination among gene segments, sequence diversification at the junctions of these segments, and point mutations throughout the gene. However, certain very elementary questions have remained open more than a half-century after being posed: It is still unclear what fraction of the potential repertoire is expressed in an individual at any point in time and how similar repertoires are between individuals who have lived in similar environments. Moreover, because each individual's immune system is an independent experiment in evolution by natural selection, experiments about repertoire similarity also inform our understanding of evolutionary diversity and convergence. I will discuss how we have used high throughput sequencing to sequence immune repertoires in both humans and model organisms to address these questions.Stephen QuakeStephen Quake is Head of Science at the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, where he oversees CZI's science grant programs, technology development, and the CZ Biohub Network. He has received numerous awards for his contributions to science and is one of only two dozen scientists elected to all three National Academies. Steve also holds a faculty position at Stanford University, where he is the Lee Otterson Professor of Bioengineering and Applied Physics. Previously he was the founding co-president of the Chan Zuckerberg Biohub (2016-2022), investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (2006-2016), and professor at the California Institute of Technology (1996-2005).

Edith HeardCollège de FranceEpigénétique et mémoire cellulaireAnnée 2024-2025Colloque - L'inactivation du chromosome X : Closing wordsOrganisation : Pre Edith Heard (Collège de France, chaire Épigénétique et mémoire cellulaire) et Pre Claire Rougeulle (Institut Curie)Edith HeardProfesseur du Collège de France

Edith HeardCollège de FranceEpigénétique et mémoire cellulaireAnnée 2024-2025Colloque - L'inactivation du chromosome X : XIST and the Maintenance of XCI: Lessons from XCI Erosion in Human Pluripotent Stem CellsOrganisation : Pre Edith Heard (Collège de France, chaire Épigénétique et mémoire cellulaire) et Pre Claire Rougeulle (Institut Curie)Simão José Teixeira da RochaIBB, Lisbonne, Portugal

Edith HeardCollège de FranceEpigénétique et mémoire cellulaireAnnée 2024-2025Colloque - L'inactivation du chromosome X : Modulation of X chromosome inactivity and phenotypic consequencesOrganisation : Pre Edith Heard (Collège de France, chaire Épigénétique et mémoire cellulaire) et Pre Claire Rougeulle (Institut Curie)Céline MoreyUniversité Paris Cité, France