Épigénétique et mémoire cellulaire - Edith Heard

• 04 - Implications de l'inactivation du chromosome X pour la biologie féminine

  Edith HeardCollège de FranceEpigénétique et mémoire cellulaireCours 2024-2025Nouvelles connaissances sur les mécanismes épigénétiques : l'inactivation du chromosome X et d'autres exemples d'expression monoallélique04 - Implications de l'inactivation du chromosome X pour la biologie féminine

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• Conférence - Stephen Quake : Understanding the Mysteries of the Cell: How Do Mutations Arise in Our Bodies?

  Edith HeardCollège de FranceEpigénétique et mémoire cellulaireAnnée 2024-2025Conférence - Stephen Quake : Understanding the Mysteries of the Cell: How Do Mutations Arise in Our Bodies?Stephen QuakeHead of Science at the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative and Lee Otterson Professor at Stanford UniversityStephen Quake est invité par l'assemblée du Collège de France sur proposition de la Pr Edith Heard.RésuméThe question of how heritable mutations arise is one of long-standing interest in biology. In the case of bacteria, there was a debate about whether mutations arise as a consequence of adaptation to selective pressure from the environment, or whether they are pre-existing in populations even in the absence of such selective pressure. This was famously resolved as the latter by Luria and Delbruck. Genomic technologies now allow us to ask similar questions in humans. How is genetic diversity generated and what are the consequences? How do mutations acquired during the course of our life sometimes lead to cancer, and can we understand the evolutionary history of a tumor? My lecture will discuss these issues and illustrate how we have used single cell genomics to provide answers to some of these questions.Stephen QuakeStephen Quake is Head of Science at the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, where he oversees CZI's science grant programs, technology development, and the CZ Biohub Network. He has received numerous awards for his contributions to science and is one of only two dozen scientists elected to all three National Academies. Steve also holds a faculty position at Stanford University, where he is the Lee Otterson Professor of Bioengineering and Applied Physics. Previously he was the founding co-president of the Chan Zuckerberg Biohub (2016-2022), investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (2006-2016), and professor at the California Institute of Technology (1996-2005).

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• 03 - Évolution de l'inactivation du chromosome X et dynamique développementale

  Edith HeardCollège de FranceEpigénétique et mémoire cellulaireCours 2024-2025Nouvelles connaissances sur les mécanismes épigénétiques : l'inactivation du chromosome X et d'autres exemples d'expression monoallélique03 - Évolution de l'inactivation du chromosome X et dynamique développementale

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  2:01:28
• 02 - La génétique et l'épigénétique de l'inactivation du chromosome X et d'autres exemples d'expression monoallélique

  Edith HeardCollège de FranceEpigénétique et mémoire cellulaireCours 2024-2025Nouvelles connaissances sur les mécanismes épigénétiques : l'inactivation du chromosome X et d'autres exemples d'expression monoallélique02 - La génétique et l'épigénétique de l'inactivation du chromosome X et d'autres exemples d'expression monoallélique

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  2:07:47
• Conférence - Stephen Quake : Understanding the Mysteries of the Cell: How Do Many Cell Types Arise From One Genome?

  Edith HeardCollège de FranceEpigénétique et mémoire cellulaireAnnée 2024-2025Conférence - Stephen Quake : Understanding the Mysteries of the Cell: How Do Many Cell Types Arise From One Genome?Stephen QuakeHead of Science at the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative and Lee Otterson Professor at Stanford UniversityStephen Quake est invité par l'assemblée du Collège de France sur proposition de la Pr Edith Heard.RésuméAlthough the genome is often called the blueprint of an organism, it is perhaps more accurate to describe it as a parts list composed of the various genes that may or may not be used in the different cell types of a multicellular organism. Although nearly every cell in the body has essentially the same genome, each cell type makes different use of that genome and expresses a subset of all possible genes. This has motivated efforts to characterize the molecular composition of various cell types within humans and multiple model organisms, both by transcriptional and proteomic approaches. We used single cell transcriptomics to create a human reference atlas comprising more than one million cells from 24 different tissues and organs, many from the same donor. This atlas enabled molecular characterization of more than 400 cell types, their distribution across tissues, and tissue-specific variation in gene expression, and provides an experimental basis to understand the cell type diversity which can be generated from a single genome.Stephen QuakeStephen Quake is Head of Science at the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, where he oversees CZI's science grant programs, technology development, and the CZ Biohub Network. He has received numerous awards for his contributions to science and is one of only two dozen scientists elected to all three National Academies. Steve also holds a faculty position at Stanford University, where he is the Lee Otterson Professor of Bioengineering and Applied Physics. Previously he was the founding co-president of the Chan Zuckerberg Biohub (2016-2022), investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (2006-2016), and professor at the California Institute of Technology (1996-2005).

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