Formation planétaire : de la Terre aux exoplanète - Alessandro Morbidelli

• Conférence - David Nesvorný : Collisional Families in the Asteroid Belt and Sources of Meteorites

  Alessandro MorbidelliChaire Chaire Formation planétaire : de la Terre aux exoplanètesCollège de FranceAnnée 2025-2026David NesvornýConférence - David Nesvorný : Collisional Families in the Asteroid Belt and Sources of MeteoritesDavid NesvornýSouthwest Research Institute, USARésuméMain-belt asteroids originally formed in a dynamically quiet disk, but their orbits were later stirred by Jupiter's gravity, leading to high-speed collisions. Over the age of the Solar System, dozens of large asteroids have been disrupted by such impacts, producing groups of fragments known as asteroid families. Here we explain how asteroid families are identified, review the current inventory, and discuss how they provide insight into the collisional and dynamical evolution of the asteroid belt. Currently, about 360 asteroid families have been cataloged, including ~100 that formed within the past 10 million years. Studies of these families shed light on the physics of large-scale collisions - a key process in the formation of Earth and other terrestrial planets - and place important constraints on the belt's collisional history. Some findings suggest that much of the asteroid belt may be composed of fragments from early, unresolved breakups. Asteroid families also play a crucial role in understanding orbital evolution, including the influence of radiative forces like the Yarkovsky and YORP effects, as well as resonant interactions - processes that underpin the delivery of near-Earth asteroids and meteorites.

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• Séminaire - Sébastien Charnoz : Condensation hors-équilibre et oxydation dans le Système solaire

  Alessandro MorbidelliChaire Chaire Formation planétaire : de la Terre aux exoplanètesCollège de FranceAnnée 2025-2026Sébastien CharnozUniversité Paris-Cité, IPGP, ParisSéminaire - Sébastien Charnoz : Condensation hors-équilibre et oxydation dans le Système solaire

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• 08 - Les astéroïdes et leurs échantillons : les météorites – témoins des premières phases de la formation planétaire : Une vision globale (partielle) de l'évolution initiale du Système solaire interne

  Alessandro MorbidelliChaire Chaire Formation planétaire : de la Terre aux exoplanètesCollège de FranceAnnée 2025-202608 - Les astéroïdes et leurs échantillons : les météorites – témoins des premières phases de la formation planétaire : Une vision globale (partielle) de l'évolution initiale du Système solaire interne

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• Conférence - David Nesvorný : Following Comets to Their Distant Source Reservoirs and Back

  Alessandro MorbidelliChaire Chaire Formation planétaire : de la Terre aux exoplanètesCollège de FranceAnnée 2025-2026David NesvornýConférence - David Nesvorný : Following Comets to Their Distant Source Reservoirs and BackDavid NesvornýSouthwest Research Institute, USARésuméComets are icy bodies that originate in the trans-Neptunian region and evolve into the inner Solar System, where they become active due to the sublimation of water ice triggered by solar heating. We describe dynamical models that trace the implantation of comets into their distant source reservoirs during the early Solar System, approximately 4.6 billion years ago. These models are used to predict the present-day orbital distribution and number of active comets, which are then compared to observational data. The results indicate that the scattered disk and the Oort cloud are the primary source reservoirs for ecliptic comets (short-period) and isotropic comets (long-period and Halley-type), respectively. The observed orbital distribution of ecliptic comets is well reproduced if their physical lifetimes are limited to a few hundred perihelion passages within 2.5 astronomical units of the Sun. In contrast, small Oort-cloud comets tend to be more active and typically disintegrate after only a few such passages. Halley-type comets appear to represent an extension of the population of large, returning Oort-cloud comets to shorter orbital periods. We explore how the dynamical structure of cometary reservoirs is affected by the Galactic tide and Sun's birth environment within a stellar cluster.

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• 07 - Les astéroïdes et leurs échantillons : les météorites – témoins des premières phases de la formation planétaire : La dynamique des poussière et la formation des planétésimaux: théorie vs. observations

  Alessandro MorbidelliChaire Chaire Formation planétaire : de la Terre aux exoplanètesCollège de FranceAnnée 2025-202607 - Les astéroïdes et leurs échantillons : les météorites – témoins des premières phases de la formation planétaire : La dynamique des poussière et la formation des planétésimaux: théorie vs. observations

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