ChooseFI | Financial Independence Podcast

Most investors think they're buying the same thing when they choose a target date fund—but two people who bought 2025 target date funds 15 years ago could have 40% different returns today. Same target year, wildly different outcomes. The culprit? Fund families structure these "simple" investments in dramatically different ways, and most investors never look under the hood. Key Topics Discussed Passive Investing vs Active Financial Planning (00:03:30) Cody explains why you should be a passive investor but an active financial planner in your own life, noting that 95% of active investors underperform broad index funds over time. Understanding Target Date Funds (00:08:15) How target date funds work as default 401(k) options, automatically shifting from aggressive to conservative allocations as retirement approaches along a predetermined glide path. Surprising Differences Between Target Date Funds (00:18:45) The revelation that identical retirement target years can produce vastly different outcomes depending on fund family—differences in international exposure, bond types, and allocation strategies compound over time. Comparing Fidelity, Schwab, and Vanguard Target Dates (00:24:00) Detailed breakdown of how three major fund families structure their target date index funds differently, with varying philosophies on diversification and risk management. The Hidden Costs of Target Date Funds (00:32:20) Analysis showing target date index funds cost 35% to 400% more than purchasing underlying index funds directly. Fidelity's target date index fund, for example, is four times more expensive than buying Fidelity's component funds separately. Static Allocation Funds Explained (00:38:10) Introduction to balanced funds that maintain constant allocations (like 60/40 stocks/bonds) regardless of your age or proximity to retirement. Target Maturity vs Constant Maturity Bond Funds (00:42:30) Deep dive into how target maturity bond funds differ from traditional bond index funds—all bonds mature in the same year, converting to cash automatically without requiring you to sell anything. The Seven-Year Bond Strategy (00:48:15) Cody's approach to determining bond allocation: calculate seven years of planned spending and hold that percentage in bonds. If you'll withdraw $40,000 annually from a $1 million portfolio, hold 28% in bonds ($280,000) and 72% in stocks. Bond Ladders and Behavioral Finance (00:55:00) How target maturity bond funds overcome psychological barriers to spending in retirement by eliminating the need to "sell" assets—bonds simply mature into cash when you need it. Simplicity vs Complexity in Portfolio Design (01:02:30) Cody shares his personal eight-fund retirement portfolio strategy, explaining why something that appears complex can actually feel simpler from a behavioral perspective. Notable Quotes Mike Piper, CPA (quoted by Cody Garrett, CFP®): "There is no perfect portfolio, but there are countless perfectly fine portfolios." Rick Ferri, CFA (quoted by Cody Garrett, CFP®): "The perfect portfolio is the one you're going to stick with. Maintaining discipline is the hardest part of investing." Cody Garrett, CFP®: "Once you understand what a target date fund is, you no longer need one." Cody Garrett, CFP®: "Investing is like a bar of soap. The more you touch it, the less there is." Brad Barrett: "Success in personal finance and investing comes down more to behavior, vastly more to behavior than it comes down to any type of knowledge or intelligence." Key Takeaways Review your 401(k) fund lineup and sort by expense ratio to identify the lowest-cost index fund options available to you If your 401(k) lacks low-cost index funds (under 0.10% expense ratio), contact your plan administrator to request they be added to the fund lineup Calculate how much money you plan to spend from your portfolio over the next seven years to determine your appropriate bond allocation Visit Morningstar.com and review the portfolio tab of any target date funds yo…

At 21, Cody Berman appeared on ChooseFI as a college student discovering financial independence. Three years later, he retired at 26. Now 30 with a $5 million net worth, he's back to reveal exactly how he compressed a decades-long journey into a three-year sprint—and why the same principles work whether you're 25 or 55. The Journey from 22 to FI at 26 00:05:30 Cody's path to financial independence was methodical and aggressive. Between ages 22 and 25, he experimented with over 20 side hustles, scaling his income from $96K to more than $400K annually. The key? He kept expenses locked at just $24K per year—creating a massive gap of $625K over three years. That gap fueled three wealth-building engines: $500K in stock market investments (VOO, VTSAX, VTI) 13 rental properties generating $3,700/month in passive income Digital products businesses producing $10K/month By his 26th birthday, Cody had achieved "cashflow FI"—his passive income streams covered living expenses without touching his investment portfolio. The Psychology of Financial Independence 00:18:00 Brad and Cody explore why some people achieve FI while others with similar incomes stay stuck. The answer isn't math—it's psychology and awareness. Cody attributes his success to having a clear destination. When you know exactly where you're going and why it matters, spending $100 on something that doesn't serve that destination becomes harder than saying no. The infamous "second marshmallow" experiment demonstrates this: delaying gratification becomes easier when you're aware of what you're trading for. As Cody puts it: "Earn more, spend less, invest the gap. Very simple. That is financial independence in a nutshell." Passive Income Reality Check 00:28:00 Let's demolish the myth of truly passive income. Cody manages 13 rental properties—but spends just 4-5 hours per month on them. This represents the spectrum of passive income: not zero effort, but minimal effort relative to the returns. The secret? Working in seasons rather than constant hustle mode. Some months require more attention (tenant turnover, maintenance issues), while others are nearly hands-off. Cody's businesses also follow this pattern—periods of intense development followed by relative autopilot. Brad reinforces this with math: "Every $100 a month you can cut out of your budget is $30,000 less you need in your FI number." Over 20 years, that $100/month compounds to $60K invested. That's a $90K swing from a single optimization. Designing the Perfect Tuesday 00:42:00 Forget exotic vacations—FI is about winning on a random Tuesday. Cody and Lauren's ideal weekday reveals what financial independence actually looks like: Morning: Wake naturally, coffee together, workout (him: gym; her: Pilates), shower, work on creative projects they enjoy Midday: Lunch together, afternoon walk in their neighborhood, separate time for individual pursuits Evening: Dinner together, reading, quality time before bed Nothing dramatic. No yachts. Just complete autonomy over every hour of a normal day. They maintain this through monthly alignment meetings—typically at a restaurant over a nice meal—covering: Money and real estate Health and fitness Travel plans Relationships (with a safe space to address concerns) Friends and family A rotating category Goals for the next month They also record an annual video reviewing the year, creating a time capsule of their journey. Post-FI Life and the Book 00:58:00 What actually happens when you achieve FI? Cody shares the uncomfortable truth: "Anything that you say that you want to do and that you don't do is a Cody problem. Before FI, you can blame things on time. You can blame things on money." When those excuses disappear, you're left facing yourself. That can be liberating and terrifying. His new book, Retire by Thirty, addresses this and more. Like Tim Ferriss's The Four Hour Workweek, the title is provocative but the principles are universal. Whether you compress your FI journey from 50-55, 33…

Bill Yount reached financial independence at 60—then froze. His financial advisor confirmed 100% security, yet instead of relief, he felt disoriented fog. The emergency medicine physician who transformed from YOLO spender to 40% saver now struggles with a question that haunts many late starters: if I'm financially free, why can't I leave? Key Topics Discussed 00:05:30 The Wake-Up Call: From YOLO to Financial Awareness Bill's trifecta of mistakes at age 50: being house poor after an underwater renovation, maintaining a single-digit savings rate, and panic-selling stocks at market bottom. A lawsuit became the catalyst for confronting financial reality and transforming to a 30-40% savings rate within a decade. 00:15:00 The Emotional Journey: Anger, Shame, and Transformation Processing the emotional weight of starting late requires confronting anger, shame, and regret. Bill explains how downsizing from material excess created unexpected freedom, and why late starters must do the psychological work alongside the mathematical calculations. 00:22:00 The Partnership: Wife's Role and Family Dynamics Bill's wife became Chief Visionary Officer, returned to work full-time, and they saved her entire income through solo 401(k)s. Their journey debunks the "rich doctor syndrome" myth—25% of physicians at age 60 aren't even millionaires. 00:28:00 The Fog of FI: Reaching the Number and Not Knowing What's Next Sitting across from a financial advisor who confirmed complete financial security, Bill experienced unexpected confusion instead of celebration. This disorienting state—FOGO, or fear of getting out—reveals how identity and emotion don't automatically align with mathematical achievement. 00:35:00 One More Year Syndrome and Identity Struggles Despite being FI, Bill continues working twelve-hour emergency medicine night shifts. He candidly explores identity wrapped up in being a doctor, the meaning derived from patient care, and the difficulty of imagining life beyond the hospital. 00:42:00 The Glide Path: Cutting Shifts and Taking Action After Doc G asked for "one good reason" to keep his current schedule and Bill couldn't answer, he committed to cutting two shifts per month. This gradual approach offers an alternative to the all-or-nothing retirement cliff. 00:50:00 Lessons for Late Starters: Beliefs and Barriers Common limiting beliefs that paralyze late starters include "I'm too far behind," "I don't make enough," and "I don't know enough." Bill emphasizes it's always the right time to start, and the math works the same regardless of income level. 00:58:00 Health, Wealth, and Future Planning A frank discussion about neglecting physical health during wealth accumulation. Bill commits to refocusing on exercise and wellness to minimize the gap between healthspan and lifespan during the "go-go years" of early retirement. 01:05:00 Community, Travel, and What's Next Future plans include traveling to Norway with his sons, speaking at KiwiFi in New Zealand, and an ambitious mission: ensuring every medical resident receives a financial plan by 2035. Notable Quotes Bill Yount: "The emphasis, as we say, on late starter is on the starting and not being late." Bill Yount: "Between stimulus and response is a space. And we need to embrace that space because in that space, we need to regulate and choose our response." Bill Yount: "Relationships compound better than money, I think." Bill Yount: "It's better late than never. And we can catch up to FI together." Ginger: "I think a lot of people say, oh, that person is like me, right? And if they can do it, I can do it." Key Takeaways Track your money completely: Know your net worth, understand expenses, and identify where money goes before creating a plan Implement a reverse budget: Save your target percentage (30-40% if possible) off the top first, then spend the rest according to values Address the emotional work: Process anger, shame, and regret about past mistakes. Forgiveness matters as much as spreads…

The stock market crashes about once every three years—at least a 20% drop. Most investors panic and sell. But if you understood why markets always recover, you'd do the opposite. Brian Feroldi reveals three mechanical forces that guarantee long-term market resilience, transforming market crashes from terrifying events into predictable opportunities. Key Topics Discussed Introduction to Market Resilience (00:00:00) Brad Barrett introduces the concept of understanding market recovery through fundamental mechanics rather than accepting it on faith. Understanding Market Crashes (00:05:00) Brian explains crash frequency: 10% drops every eleven months, 15% every two years, 20% every three years, 30% once a decade, and 40%+ drops two to three times per century. Force #1: Stocks Follow Earnings (00:10:00) The first fundamental force—stock prices track corporate earnings over time. Brian introduces the man-and-dog analogy: the man (profits) walks steadily uphill while the dog (prices) runs wild on an elastic leash. Watch the man, not the dog. Force #2: Earnings Always Recover (00:25:00) Brian breaks down the five-phase economic recovery process: cost-cutting, cleansing, government intervention, innovation, and emergence. The Forest Fire Analogy (00:32:00) Economic downturns function like forest fires—clearing deadwood, eliminating weak competitors, and creating optimal conditions for new growth. The COVID pandemic demonstrated this: remote work jumped from under 10% to over 90% in four months. Force #3: Profits Rise Over Time (00:48:00) Five systematic drivers cause profits to rise: productivity gains, inflation, innovation, geographic expansion, and population growth. These forces ensure long-term upward trajectory despite temporary setbacks. Investor Psychology and Closing Thoughts (00:55:00) Discussion about investor behavior during crashes and the importance of saving this episode for future market downturns when emotional fortitude matters most. Notable Quotes "Stocks follow earnings. As go the earnings of a company or an index, also goes the price or the market value of that same index." — Brian Feroldi "The best time to buy is at the period of maximum pessimism. And the period of maximum pessimism is precisely when you absolutely do not want to buy." — Brian Feroldi "Ninety percent of good investing is how you behave in the 10% of time that things are not going well." — Brian Feroldi "Think of the man walking a dog on an elastic leash. The man represents profits, the dog represents stock prices. Watch the man, not the dog." — Brian Feroldi "Innovation accelerates when times are tough. Necessity is the mother of invention." — Brad Barrett and Brian Feroldi Key Takeaways Google "S&P 500 earnings" and study the 100-year chart showing earnings rather than just stock prices to see the steady upward march of the "man" Save this episode in your investor policy statement to re-listen during the next market crash when you need psychological reinforcement Set up automatic dollar-cost averaging contributions to retirement accounts and commit to never stopping them during downturns Review your asset allocation if you're within 10 years of financial independence to ensure appropriate risk levels and cash cushions Markets typically bottom when news is worst because prices predict earnings recovery 6-9 months ahead Resources and Links Why Does the Stock Market Go Up? by Brian Feroldi The Simple Path to Wealth by JL Collins JL Collins Guided Meditation for Market Drops Afford Anything Podcast with Paula Pant Camp FI Brian Feroldi on YouTube Brian Feroldi on Twitter/X Brian Feroldi on Instagram Brian Feroldi on Threads

Most investors lose to the market because they're trying to pick winners in a game where only 4% of stocks have created 100% of market wealth over the past century. The math isn't in your favor—but there's a simpler path that is. Key Topics Discussed Introduction to FI 201 (00:00:00) Jonathan introduces the concept of Financial Independence 201, explaining how it builds on FI 101 to help individuals progress from control to optimization and independence on their FI journey. The Genesis of FI 201 (00:05:30) Allen and Kristen explain how they identified the need for a 201-level presentation based on questions emerging from their St. Louis FI 101 sessions, particularly around investing concepts. Asset Allocation Fundamentals (00:15:00) Allen breaks down asset allocation as 'your money pie,' discussing how to balance growth, safety, and emergency funds while considering time horizons and diversification strategies. Risk Tolerance vs Risk Capacity (00:22:00) The team explores the critical difference between emotional risk tolerance and actual risk capacity, using examples from 2008 and 2020 market crashes to illustrate real-world application. Tax-Advantaged Account Strategies (00:35:00) Allen and Brad discuss the various tax treatments of investment accounts including 401(k)s, 457(b)s, Roth IRAs, HSAs, and taxable brokerage accounts, emphasizing lifetime tax optimization. Individual Stocks vs Index Funds (00:48:00) The hosts examine the data on individual stock picking, revealing that only 4% of stocks have contributed to 100% of market wealth over the past century, making a strong case for index investing. Dividends and Tax Control (00:55:00) Brad and Allen discuss why the FI community often prefers capital gains over dividend income, focusing on the importance of maintaining control over when and how you realize taxable events. Notable Quotes "You can't save your way to FI, you have to invest." — Allen Hansen "When there's a dip, you essentially get to buy the market on sale. If you love a bargain, this is it." — Brad Barrett "Why in the world do we not think that way when it comes to the market? Our brain completely flips. We're like, ah, we're scared." — Kristen Knapp "It's not what's my tax this year. It is what is going to be my tax burden over my lifetime." — Brad Barrett "The best investing lesson: stand there and do nothing. If you're invested, just don't do anything and you're going to be rewarded." — Allen Hansen Key Takeaways Assess your own risk tolerance and risk capacity honestly by considering how you would react to a 30% portfolio drop Review your current asset allocation across all accounts and determine if it aligns with your time horizon and financial goals Calculate the difference between your marginal and effective tax rates to understand your true tax burden Identify which tax-advantaged accounts you have access to (401k, 457b, 403b, HSA, IRA) and ensure you're maximizing employer matches Track every dollar of taxable income if you're on ACA subsidies or approaching any subsidy cliffs to avoid losing benefits Consider whether you have the right balance between taxable, tax-deferred, and tax-free accounts for maximum flexibility in retirement Join or start a local FI group to benefit from community wisdom and learn from others at different stages of the journey Review your portfolio for dividend-heavy investments and consider whether you'd prefer more control over when you realize taxable events Resources & Links FI Friends Travel The Simple Path to Wealth by J.L. Collins Tax Planning to and Through Early Retirement by Sean Mullaney and Cody Garrett ChooseFI Community App St. Louis FI Group BlackBerry Documentary (Netflix) Arizona State University Stock Market Wealth Study Brian Feroldi (individual stock investing advocate) Investopedia